ACT - AUTOLOGOUS CHONDROCYTE TRANSPLANTATION
- Method
- Autologous chondrocyte transplantation
- Duration
- 60 to 90 minutes, depending on the size of the defect
- Recovery time
- 6 to 12 months until full weight-bearing
Autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) is a modern regenerative method of repairing cartilage damage in the knee joint. As experienced cartilage specialists in Freiburg we carry out this innovative operation using the most modern techniques. ACT uses the body's own cartilage cells to regenerate damaged cartilage.
How does the ACT operation work?
The ACT operation takes place in two steps. In the first step, healthy cartilage cells are taken from a part of the knee joint that carries no load, during an arthroscopic examination. These cells are multiplied in a specialised laboratory over 4 to 6 weeks and grown into cartilage tissue.
In the second step the cultured cartilage tissue is transplanted into the damaged area. To do this, the damaged cartilage is first removed and the defect prepared. The new cartilage tissue is then fixed in place with special techniques and can grow in over time.
The operation is carried out arthroscopically or through a small incision. ACT is particularly effective with well-defined cartilage damage and can relieve pain markedly and improve the function of the joint. The success rate is very high, especially in younger patients.
Special rehabilitation is needed after the operation. The knee is partly unloaded for 6 to 8 weeks to give the new cartilage tissue time to grow in. Full weight-bearing is built up step by step over 6 to 12 months.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation after an ACT operation is decisive for the success of the treatment. Our experienced physiotherapists accompany you through the whole healing process.
Phase I (weeks 1-6)
In the first phase the knee is partly unloaded. Careful mobilisation exercises encourage the blood supply and the healing of the transplanted cartilage tissue. Weight-bearing is only with crutches.
Phase II (weeks 7-12)
The second phase comprises building up the load step by step and strengthening the leg muscles. Physiotherapy exercises improve the movement and stability of the knee joint.
Phase III (months 4-6)
Phase III focuses on taking up lighter sporting activity again and on building up the muscles. Running exercises and sport-specific training are introduced.
Phase IV (months 7-12)
The final phase aims to restore full load-bearing capacity and to integrate sporting activity completely. Regular check-ups ensure that healing takes its best course.